Hindu Philosophie

hier habe ich eine sehr schöne Zusammenfassung der "Prasthana Traya" gefunden - geschrieben von Sri Vidya Rajagopalan auf Englisch - habe z.Zt. leider keine Zeit zum Übersetzen.

für das Copyright ist hier der Link zu Yahoo: http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20091010000609AALTyc2

Prasthana Traya:
Prasthana Traya is the Sanskrit word referring to the three sacred books of liberation in Hindu philosophy. It consists of three major texts - Upanishads, the Bhagavad Gita and the Brahma Sutra.

Vedanta philosophy acknowledges the Prasthana Traya as its three authoritative primary sources. The texts comprising the Prasthana Traya are the Upanishads, the Bhagavad-Gita and the Brahma sutra.

The Upanishads are the sruti prasthana, the revealed texts (sruti - that which is heard). There are 108 Upanishads.

The Bhagavad-Gita is the smriti prasthana, composed by sages, is based on their understanding of the Vedas (smriti - that which is remembered). Though Bhagavad Gita is part of Mahabharata Epic, Bhagavad Gita is considered one among other smritis.

The Brahma sutra is the nyaya prasthana, the logical text that sets forth the philosophy systematically (nyaya - logic/order).

No study of Vedanta is considered complete without a close examination of the Prasthana Traya.

2) Brahma sutra:

While the Upanishads and the Bhagavad-Gita are authoritative Vedanta texts, it is in the Brahma sutra that the teachings of Vedanta are set forth in a systematic and logical order.

The Brahma sutra is known by many names: it is also called the Vedanta sutra, Uttara-mimamsa sutra, Shariraka sutra and the Bhikshu sutra.

The Brahma sutra consists of 555 aphorisms or sutras, in 4 chapters, each chapter being divided into 4 sections each.

The first chapter (Samanvaya: harmony) explains that all the Vedantic texts talk of Brahman, the ultimate reality, which is the goal of life.

The second chapter (Avirodha: non-conflict) discusses and refutes the possible objections against Vedanta philosophy.

The third chapter (Sadhana: the means) describes the process by which ultimate emancipation can be achieved. The fourth chapter (Phala: the fruit) talks of the state that is achieved in final emancipation.

Indian tradition identifies Badarayana, the author of the Brahma Sutra, with Vyasa, the compiler of the Vedas. Many commentaries have been written on this text, the earliest extant one being the one by Adi Shankaracharya. Later commentators include Bhaskara, Yadavaprakasha, Ramanujacharya, Keshava, Neelakantha, Madhvacharya, Baladeva, Vallabhacharya, Vijnana Bhikshu, Vacaspati and Padmapada. Among all these, and other commentaries, Shankara's commentary is considered as an exemplary model of how a commentary should be written, and most commentators are influenced by it, even when they disagree with Shankara's interpretations.

3) Commentaries upon the Brahma-sutra:

(i) Shankaracharya, the bhashhyakara of the advaita school, argues that the individual soul and the Brahman are in fact one and the same, and that the world of experience is illusory; the purpose of one's existence is to obtain release from the unreal world and attain complete union with the Brahman, who also has no attributes.

(ii) Ramanujacharya, the bhaashhyakara of the Vishishhtadvaita school, argues that a state of qualified non-duality obtains between the individual self and the Brahman, who is identified with Vishnu, and that release from the non-illusory world consists of obtaining a state of bliss similar to that of the ever-liberated Brahman, who is endowed with many good qualities.

(iii) Anandatirtha, the bhahhyakara of the Ddvaita school, is a thorough dualist who claims a complete and eternally-unchanging difference between the individual self, and Brahman, which is due to their own immutable natures; Brahman is identified with Vishnu, and release from the cycle of repeated births and deaths in the world is obtained by service to Vishnu, who alone is the Giver of mukti (liberation).

(iv) Vallabhacharya, the bhashhyakara of the Shuddhadvaita school, also holds that the jiva and Brahman are identical, but his Brahman is a personal Deity who is to be worshipped with devotion.

(v) Nimbaraka, the bhashhyakara of the Dvaitadvaita school, tries to reconcile the views held by scholars of dvaita and advaita into one framework.

(vi) Baladevacharya, the bhashhyakara of the Bhedabheda school, also argues for simultaneous oneness and difference, but rejects the advaitic view completely.

Edited:

(i) "Indian tradition identifies Badarayana, the author of the Brahma Sutra, with Vyasa, the compiler of the Vedas."

This means both names belong to Bhagavan Veda Vyasa.

Vyasa (Devanagari, व्यास) is a central and revered figure in the majority of Hindu traditions. He is also believed to be known as Badarayana. He is also sometimes called Veda Vyasa (वेद व्यास, veda vyasa), (the one who split the Vedas) or Krishna Dvaipayana (referring to his complexion and birthplace).

(ii) Upanishads and Bhagavad Gita are not explained here because they are referred by me in my answers and in the NET by others many number of times.

(iii) Summing Up:

The essential truths of the Darshana are indeed found summed up with sufficient clarity in the Upanishads, the Gita and the Brammasuthras. These great sources of knowledge (the trio- called prasthana thrayam) form the text as it were on which all the systems of philosophy namely Advaita, Visishtadvaita and Dvaita were established- and have been interpreted differently by Sri.Sankaracharya, Sri Ramanujacharya and Sri Madhvacharya.

No study of Vedanta is considered complete without a close examination of the Prasthāna Traya, the texts that stand as the three starting points. The Brahma Sutras are attributed to Badarayana.

While the Upanishads (Sruti prasthana, the starting point of revelation) and the Bhagavad-Gita (Smriti prasthana, the starting point of remembered tradition) are the basic source texts of Vedanta, it is in the Brahma Sutras that the teachings of Vedanta are set forth in a systematic and logical order.

While the earlier commentators like Adi Shankara treat Badarayaņa, the author of the Brahma Sutra, as the Jnana-Shakti Avatara (knowledge-power incarnation) of God, Vaishnavite tradition identifies him with Krishna Dwipayana Vyasa, the author of the Mahabharata.
Source:
http://www.sankeertanam.com/brahma_sutra...
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahma_Sutr...
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vyasa

Sportsman777 Dezember 1, 2013 10:01

Hari Om,

anbei Links zu einem online Hindu-Kalender und dem Buch "Feste und Fastentage im Hinduismus" von Swami Sivananda:

Hindu Calendar

Feste und Fastentage im Hinduismus

Hier ist noch ein schöner Info-Text aus dem Kirtan-Heft zum Thema Götter und Göttinnen als Personifizierungen von Ethik und Tugend - Jaya Ganesha Info

"Im Mantra-Yoga werden die höheren Kräfte im Universum und die höheren Aspekte unseres Bewußtseins personifiziert und manchmal als Götter bezeichnet. In der Vedanta-Philosophie gibt es nur eine unmanifestierte Wahrheit, das Absolute (Brahman). Brahman ist eigenschaftslos, unendlich, unveränderlich. Brahman manifestiert sich im Universum als Ishwara (persönlicher Gott), der allgegenwärtig, allmächtig, allwissend ist, der das Universum erschafft (Brahma), erhält (Vishnu) und zerstört (Shiva). Ein Lehrsatz im Yoga (wie auch in der Esoterik) lautet: Wie oben, so unten. Wie im Makrokosmos, so im Mikrokosmos. Brahman manifestiert sich im Individuum als das Höchste Selbst (Atman). Götter und Göttinnen symbolisieren die verschiedenen Aspekte der Kraft des Absoluten, wie auch höhere Kräfte in uns. Man könnte sie mit den Archetypen im Sinne C.G. Jungs vergleichen. Durch Wiederholen der Mantras schwingen wir uns ein auf diese kosmischen und höheren inneren Kräfte."

Om Shanti - Hannes

Sportsman777 November 1, 2013 19:48

Hari Om Ihr Lieben,

anbei gleich eine weitere schöne Text-Sammlung mit vielen Chalisas (40-Verse) - die könnt Ihr dann auf Youtube und Co hören und mitsingen:
Indian Epics in English

Meine Favoriten zur Zeit: Gayatri Chalisa undHanuman Chalisa

Om Shanti - Hannes

Sportsman777 November 1, 2013 19:02

Hari Om Ihr Lieben,

wie geht es Euch ? Anbei eine schöne Zusammenfassung einiger Vedanta-Texte von Adi Sankara als 345 Seiten PDF Dokument - leider wieder nur auf Englisch.
Adi Sankara Literature

Gefunden habe ich die PDF-Datei auf der folgenden Seite, die hier in der Gruppe schon öfter verlinkt wurde:
Celextel - Adi Sankara

Viel Spaß beim Lesen - Adobe Acrobat Reader hat ja auch eine schöne Autoscroll-Funktion für Fließtext-Meditationen am PC : Anzeige - Seitenanzeige - Automatischer Bildlauf ( Geschwindigkeit mit Tabulator-Pfeilen regulieren) - generell ein sehr schönes Schnell-Lese-Training

Liebe Grüße - Om Shanti - Hannes

Adi Sankara Literature.pdf

Sportsman777 Februar 6, 2013 14:19

Hallo zusammen,

wie geht´s? Heute wurde wieder ein interessantes Buch hier in der Community vorgestellt: Shiva Purana dt./ engl.
Den dt./engl. Text findet Ihr hier: Siva Sutras
Weiterführende Infos über den Kashmir Shivaismus könnt Ihr hier nachlesen : www.universal-path.org/kashd.htm - diese Internetseite ist sehr informativ.
Der Link zum Esoterik Portal von Wikipediawar auch neu für mich.

Shiva Sutra engl. PDF

Ein weiteres schönes Gebet für Shiva von der Internetseite : Shaivam.org - The Abode of God Shiva on the Internet findet Ihr hier:
Shiva Mahimna Stotra Englisch

Allgemeine Infos über Shivaismus auf Wikipedia:
Shivaismus - Deutsch
Shaivism - Englisch

Liebe Grüße, Hannes

Sportsman777 Januar 27, 2013 12:31

Hallo zusammen,

hier sind ein paar weitere Links zum Thema Hindu-Philosophie

1. Advaita Vedanta - Englisch
2. Hinduistische Orden - Deutsch
3. Fotosammlung mit Sadhus
4. Hinduism in der Online Britannica Encyclopaedia - Englisch

Liebe Grüße, Hannes

Katja Januar 24, 2013 22:53

Alles interessant. Vielen Dank.

Vedanta und Purusharthas

Hindu Philosophie

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